This foundational doctoral seminar explores the philosophy of science and the scientific method, particularly as applied within social sciences and the empirical study of prejudice and antisemitism. The course examines the theoretical foundations, epistemological assumptions, and critical perspectives guiding social science inquiry. Emphasis is placed on understanding scientific paradigms, theory-building, hypothesis generation, operationalization, and ethical standards. Students will critically assess the conceptual frameworks underpinning scholarly research, setting a strong foundation for advanced methodological training.